Hypoxia and Medicine - Blood Oxygen Saturation Knowledge Base

Blood Oxygen Saturation Knowledge Base

Blood Oxygen Saturation level - what is the fatal and normal range? Blood Oxygen Saturation level - what is the fatal and normal range? How long is a sub 85% level sustainable without more than a simple mask? This is about my son. He is on hospice care, and is terminal. He is 1 year old, 9 pounds 8 ounces. This is a good weight for him due to proportion. He has a disease called rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. He almost passed in july and barely beat an rsv infection that weakened him significantly. He is on a nasal cannula @ 1l. His oxygen sat level is now in in the high 80s with the 1l nasal cannula delivery. It drops to low 80s or worse at times when he cries or strains, or even urinates. Before these recent episodes he was in the low 90s with no oxygen. We have also put him on a feeding pump, which works with ng tube, to spread out his feeds and avoid fluid shock to his sytem. We will no hospitalize him. He was on oxygen only supplemental until 4 days ago when he had some respiratory episodes and needed to go back on oxygen permanently. I'm trying to get a realistic picture from someone who is no bias.

What blood oxygen saturation is normal? Now for some reason this question was deleted before because i asked "what O2 sat would someone pass out at" and i honestly asked it in the most medical meaning possible. My grandmother is currently dying of pulmonary anemia and her oxygen level is somewhere between 75 and 85. My question is what happens at different O2 sats. What level is normal, what causes confusion, fainting, coma, and death... I honestly hope this question wont be deleted, because i feel that i have done nothing wrong in posting it, i am just wondering about anatomy.

What is the normal blood oxygen saturation count in adults?

Effect that increasing altitude has on blood-oxygen saturation?

Blood Oxygen Saturation? I'm an asthmatic yet for some reason I can get to the stage where I'm non-responsive to voice or general awareness of what's going on around me almost to the point of blacking out whilst having a Blood Oxygen Saturation of 96% At this stage I can hardly get any air in my lungs and in some cases have ended up on Bi-Pap. What would cause my levels to stay high but still get very little air into my lungs? Reason I ask is that some hospitals realize straight away that I'm not ok where others read my levels and tell me I'm fine send me home and I end up back in an I.C.U ward that same day.

Describe current technology used to measure oxygen saturation of blood and CO2 concentration in blood? In Addition Explain the conditions under which This technology is used.

Why is it important to monitor oxygen saturation of the blood during surgery? Why is an oximeter important? Can it be measured without a pulse oximeter (as in, a different type of oximeter, if one exists) and how?

In a person with sleep apnea, what causes rises and falls in oxygen saturation of arterial blood during sleep? I am not obese and do not have sleep apnea. This is a biology question. If I made a graph of oxygen saturation against time of a person who had severe obstructive sleep apnea while they were sleeping, what might cause the saturation to go up and down over time?

Blood Oxygen Saturation - Why does it decrease as you age? Assuming healthy diet and non smoker

Hi guys, does anyone know what the blood oxygen saturation levels are supposed to be after tetralogy of fallot? corrective surgery? My 6 month old son has just been operated and still in ICU and his sats are at 82-89% with 70% oxygen on the ventilator. Is this normal, I thought it would be 95%+?? His sats before fluctuated between 70-85% when inactive and as low as 55% when crying. The pediatrician also told us yesterday that they discovered another hole in his heart so I don't know if this is the cause of the low current sats although they say it isn't, I'm very confused....

Name and describe the current technological device that measures oxygen saturation in the blood?

Oxygen saturation vs Blood Pressure!? Can someone explain why the blood pressure goes down when the oxygen saturation is great. Also when the saturation is poor, the blood pressure is normal. Does this have anything to do with cardiac output or optimal peep?

What technologies allow the measurement of oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide concentrations in blood? Describe and explain the conditions in which these technologies are used.

What is a normal blood pressure reading? Also, what's the normal oxygen saturation and pulse rate? The info needed should be based on a female in her early 30's.

why does the oxygen saturation in the blood only reach 97% and not 100%?

Oximeter and blood saturation chart? HI im looking for a chart that shows you the levels of blood saturation oxygen levels and how dire ones situation would be according todifferent levels I own an oximeter I need a chart...

Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood:? 1) during normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs contains one molecule of O2 2) during conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently 3) increased BPG levels in the red blood cells enhance oxygen-carrying capacity 4) a 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal

Can a low oxygen saturation cause chronic headaches? It is about 94% at 1,049 feet. Also my labs came back with elevated Red Blood Count. I have been a non smoker for over 15 years. I suffer from occasional episodes of atrial fibrillation.

describe how saturation (and rate of oxygen unloading) is affected by blood P02 levels, by blood pH, by temper

What do you cal this medical instrument? I was wondering what do you call the instrument that the nurse uses at the hospital, plastic thing that clamps your finger with a red light inside that checks your level of blood oxygen saturation

All of the sudden, last week, I had trouble breathing? I normally run about 7 miles a day and am in good health. However, I went to the doctor and they said I have low blood oxygen saturation(93-94%) for how active I am. They told me it was allergies, but allergy medication has not helped. I have anxiety, could this be the cause? Any other ideas?

I have a question about the respiratory system could you help me? question 1: how does internal respiration differ from external respiration? question 2 outline the path of oxygen from the atmosphere to the bloodstream. question3 differentiate between oxygen transport and carbon dioxide transport in the blood stream. question 4 predict the effect that increasing altitude would have on a blood oxygen saturation. question 5 why does a single celled organism not need a respiratory system?

What is the normal saturation of Oxygen in newnates,and O2 SATURATION? amount of blood in neonates? THANKS

Asthma, oxygen saturation reading off? Also question about Xopenex (and nebulizer treatments in general).? Hi, I've been having some pretty bad asthma symptoms lately (bad enough where I went into the hospital last night). I was put on Prednisone 40 mg 2X daily. Anyway, my oxygen saturation was fine, and I'm wondering if my over-compensating breathing (i.e. I was trying to make up for my shallow breaths by taking more and taking them as deeply as possible, even though my chest was sore) would have highered it, when, if I had just let myself breathe without physically straining during the attack, it would have let my oxygen levels drop lower? There have also been times when I have a bad attack and my oxygen is close to normal, whereas a mild one is much lower. Could this be caused by my rapid breathing (in a desperate attempt to get more air in)? Lastly, can Xopenex nebulizer treatments cause high blood pressure temporarily (like 120/85)? I'm usually 90/60, but last night my BP was high. Thanks so much!

Reduced Blood Oxygen Levels after Exercise? Hi, all. Earlier this year, I had some pulmonary function tests performed. Overall, the results were normal. However, one of the results showed a decrease in my blood oxygen levels after doing a 6-minute brisk walk. My sitting blood oxygen level was measured at 98%. After exercise, the saturation was 94%. At the time, I hadn't done any regular exercise for a long time, so between that and my weight issues, the result is understandable. All my doctor said was to start exercising regularly and this should help. I've been doing daily cardio for a month now (30 minutes minimum) plus weight training and I don't feel like I'm making much, if any, headway. If I really exert myself, I feel like I can't catch my breath (I have a personal trainer who really pushes me...). I'm worried that this might not be a problem related to my lungs but rather my heart...that I've got blocked arteries and that's the reason why I have a low saturation level after exercising. I've had chest xrays done and they've come back normal. Does anyone have any suggestions or ideas as to (1) why this might be happening and (2) what I could do to improve my lung function?

Pulse oximeter design project, calculation help? I am making a pulse oximeter and currently I have two signals, one is for red an the other one is for IR. How do I calculate the blood oxygen saturation from this? All my research leads to a look up table which I don't know where to find.

How do you know if doctors are doing enough for your child if there is so much information for them to review? My daughter's lung collapsed at birth and after three weeks was released from the NICU with no medications or machines. She was sounding very congested and her Dr. finally referred her to an ENT. That Dr. found that her adnoids were growing down into her throat which caused apnea. She is too young for surgery but her apnea monitor sounds often. A sleep study has confirmed that her saturation (blood oxygen) dropped below 70 % at times and put her on oxygen at home when she sleeps which is quite the challenge. Since then she has also been diagnosed with PDA and ASD Heart diseases; Anemia (even with iron suppliments); high platelet count; pulmonary hypertension. I'm at my witts end! I feel that I'm seeing all these different doctors and no one is putting the information together. They are all puzzled at how healthy she looks to have all of these things wrong. Is anyone in a simular situation or could shed some light on what could be going on? She is so precious. God bless!

Oxygen saturation levels drop while sleeping, what is this called? I do not have any interruptions in my breathing. No pauses, no snoring. However, my oxygen sat levels drop down to 80 soon as I fall asleep. This sounds similar to Sleep Apnea, but as I have no interruptions in breathing (no stops), it is not that. Anyone have an idea what the name of this might be? I am 24, Never smoked in my life. p.s. I am going back for second sleep study and all, but my doctor didn't give me any sort of name or idea of WHAT this could be, the cause of the lessened saturation during sleep, and wanted to have help to find more information before the second study so I am not as freaked out about this. Thank you all for the help. ~Also have type two diabetes, hypothyroidism, high blood pressure, year round allergies, and yes I am obese. (I have been trying to lose weight my whole life, please don't harp on it.) Thank you everyone again! I have been overweight my whole life, but the sleep issue is NEW. So it is not directly related to my weight. Thank you all.

Lack of Oxygen at birth, what is the likely outcome? (symptoms below)? My son was born by crash c-section 2 days ago. When he was born he had no heartbeat but had an apgar of 1 after 5mins then 6 after 10mins. When he left the theatre his heart rate was normal at 140bpm. He is on intensive care, but has been breathing for himself since day one, and all other obs (blood pressure, oxygen saturation etc are all normal) He has had two fits involving limb shaking and mouth movements as well as desat. They have mentioned cerebral irritation, and has had a 3rd dose of phenobarb today after the 2nd fit. After this he has slept peacefully most of the day. Can anyone suggest the likelyhood of a full recovery and possible future problems (I'm guessing his life is now safe) the doctors are very cautious and refuse to look past the day ahead. We live in the UK.

i have a question about the respiratory system could you please help me? question 1: how does internal respiration differ from external respiration? question 2 outline the path of oxygen from the atmosphere to the bloodstream. question3 differentiate between oxygen transport and carbon dioxide transport in the blood stream. question 4 predict the effect that increasing altitude would have on a blood oxygen saturation. question 5 why does a single celled organism not need a respiratory system?

how does a FINGER OXIMETER work? i already went to howstuffworks.com but i need more detail, i already know that it takes blood-oxygen saturation (SpO2) level and pulse-rate, what i need is how the SENSORS inside work. thanks!

I have a very low oxygen saturation level. Lows around 70% to high of 88%. What are some possible causes? In the last four months, I've had a Ct scan, Hide-a-Scan, two heart studies, three halter monitors, sleep study,Sonogram, full body bone scan, endoscopy and complete blood work up. My cholesterol was slightly above normal. The sleep study showed I have sleep apnea. ( I now wear a C-Pap @ 17 psi w/ 5 lpm o2). The endoscopy showed some signs of mild damage due to aspirin and tylenol taken for the pain. The CT scan showed mild degeneration of L1 & L2 but otherwise nothing significant. (History of prostate cancer. Dr thought maybe the cancer had metastasized into the spine but bone scan showed no evidence of cancer) Moderate to severe pain in RUQ was diagnosed as costal condritis. Symptoms of this are improving. Bone chilling fatigue haunts me. I'm fairly certain that this is a direct result of the low o2 sats. Any ideas? So far, the doctors have not found out the problem. Thanks!

As blood passes by active muscle, the percent saturation of hemoglobin is generally (more)? As blood passes by active muscle, the percent saturation of hemoglobin is generally _______________ because ____________________. A) high; hemoglobin has released all of its oxygen to the muscle for generation of needed ATP via the Citric Acid Cycle. B) low; hemoglobin has released all of its oxygen to the muscle for generation of needed ATP via the Citric Acid Cycle. C) high; hemoglobin has released all of its oxygen to the muscle for generation of needed ATP via the Electron Transport Chain. D) low; hemoglobin has released all of its oxygen to the muscle for generation of needed ATP via the Electron Transport Chain.

Ok. I am now using a oxygen machine for the first time due to low oxygen saturation? anyways, I usually have high blood pressure, and am tired and groggy all the time. Well today was daylight savings and I had to get up early for church and I have felt beautiful and awake all day. I went and checked my blood pressure at a pharmacy and it was 106/75, and my pulse was like 78, it's usually really high. My bp is usually at least 135/90 to 100, is this from one evening of having oxygen? I am just amazed if so. Let me know what you think.

Continuous Carbon Dioxide (Co2) monitoring from blood? Are there any devices which give me continous carbon dioxide level in blood ? Pulse oximeter which gives Oxygen saturation level of blood does it indirectly gives the level of Co2 in blood ?

What's the level of skill development for these nursing skills? In my Nursing course, I'm asked to identify level of skill development for specific skills that we've done lately like "Measuring blood pressure, temperature, pulse, oxygen saturation" Could someone give me an idea on what to say for this self-reflection paper? Please help!

Please Help needed fast..? 1. predict the effect that increasing altitude would have on blood oxygen saturation 2. Arterial blood is about 98 percent saturated with oxygen. What are two conditions that could result in lower oxygen saturation? Please help.. Thank you so much

WTF happened to me!!!? (brain damage)? friday night i popped 2 mg of diazepam, having a lower tolerance than i can remember, then saturday i got into the opiates. in the morning i drank two medium sized tasmanian pods, steeped into tea, to which i repeated around 6 that night. at 9pm i drank a tea spoon of codeine/promethazine, and at 10 i had two more. i was totally ****** in a good way. my friend was staying over and he had just got up a few hours before hand, and accepting that he wouldn't be able to fall asleep, kept an eye on me to make sure he didn't enter a coma. i woke up at 6, my friend said i was totally fine and we went out for coffee. i had not a hint of cyanosis at 1pm, and my breathing was pretty much back to normal. i had work at 3 so i hopped in a hot shower, hopping out into a steamy bathroom covered in mirrors. the firsti looked at shocked me, my lips had become a meager shade of pink/blue, and my fingers looked like clubs swung at the dawn of man!!!! the entire ******* night and day up until that point (7 hours awake llready) i was totally cool, only to take a shower and completely lose it upon finishing. i was soberng up when it happened, and not even nodding anymore. i live with my mom who agreed my nails looked blue, then i had to go to work (where more people agreed) where i felt as though a squirrel were stuck in his throat (couldn't breathe properly), so he left to go to the e.r. when i got to the emergency room they said my blood oxygen saturation level was 100 percent, and that a temp change may have been responsible?! bullshit. how the **** did this happen? my blue lips disappeared seconds after i got out of the shower but the fingers lingered. do you think this level of oxygen deprivation hurt my brain/killed brain cells??? i was definitely breathing in the shower ... i just took that shower and noticed the exfoliated broken skin around my lips after a hot shower resembles pictures of cerulean lips iv'e seen online... though again my fingernails were def turning an ice cold porsche blue. could i have had vasoconstriction without it affecting my head? i ask because my tips still looked a little purple after the nurse said my oxygen level was perfect? how long does that blue discoloration take to get rid of if one starts breathing heavily?

what the **** happened!!? friday night i popped 2 mg of diazepam, having a lower tolerance than i can remember, then saturday i got into the opiates. in the morning i drank two medium sized tasmanian pods, steeped into tea, to which i repeated around 6 that night. at 9pm i drank a tea spoon of codeine/promethazine, and at 10 i had two more. i was totally fucked in a good way. my friend was staying over and he had just got up a few hours before hand, and accepting that he wouldn't be able to fall asleep, kept an eye on me to make sure he didn't enter a coma. i woke up at 6, my friend said i was totally fine and we went out for coffee. i had not a hint of cyanosis at 1pm, and my breathing was pretty much back to normal. i had work at 3 so i hopped in a hot shower, hopping out into a steamy bathroom covered in mirrors. the firsti looked at shocked me, my lips had become a meager shade of pink/blue, and my fingers looked like clubs swung at the dawn of man!!!! the entire fucking night and day up until that point (7 hours awake llready) i was totally cool, only to take a shower and completely lose it upon finishing. i was soberng up when it happened, and not even nodding anymore. i live with my mom who agreed my nails looked blue, then i had to go to work (where more people agreed) where i felt as though a squirrel were stuck in his throat (couldn't breathe properly), so he left to go to the e.r. when i got to the emergency room they said my blood oxygen saturation level was 100 percent, and that a temp change may have been responsible?! bullshit. how the fuck did this happen? my blue lips disappeared seconds after i got out of the shower but the fingers lingered. do you think this level of oxygen deprivation hurt my brain/killed brain cells??? i was definitely breathing in the shower ... i just took that shower and noticed the exfoliated broken skin around my lips after a hot shower resembles pictures of cerulean lips iv'e seen online... though again my fingernails were def turning an ice cold porsche blue. could i have had vasoconstriction without it affecting my head? i ask because my tips still looked a little purple after the nurse said my oxygen level was perfect? how long does that blue discoloration take to get rid of if one starts breathing heavily?

help with O2 weaning? i have been on supplementary oxygen for over a year and a half since i had lung cancer. not to get into a lot of detail, but i had many complications and have had decondioning. i am slowly but surely building strength with exercize. i have asked my dr but he is vague and doesn't want to give me any false hope. i have a monitor for my blood oxygen saturation. any tips from people who have done this or any helpful websites. i am determined to get better. thank you for your help in advance. amanda,thanks. what about... how long to leave o2 off; does this strenthen lungs? your answer is like my dr.'s; must be right but not quite what i mean.

Am I remembering what I read or am I remembering an actual event? A little over 18 months ago, I got out of hospital where I was evidently taken due to a complication with Crohn's disease. I don't know all the details, but I know I had very low blood oxygen saturation. Anyway, I've recently been unable to remember anything prior to waking up in hospital except for my life up to and including my high school graduation. Thanks to my many diaries and my extensive use of social networking sites, the events and emotions of my past have been very well documented, and I've been reading it considerably in order to learn who I was during my missing years. It turns out that I had a very special friend with whom I spent much of my time over most of those years. A short time prior to my hospital visit, she died in a car accident. As a result of the untimeliness of her death, I've had no memory of her until today. My internet connection at home prevents me from being able to use video sites, but today, I'm house-sitting my sister's house while she's away on business. She lives in the city, so she has terrestrial broadband. I decided to use it to see what I've been missing on those video sites. In an effort to find out if I've been involved on any of those sites, I came across a video of my friend's memorial. Until now, reading about her was like reading about somebody I never knew, but suddenly this time, there's much more feeling than there was before, and now in my head I can hear her voice and the way she talked, the way she laughed! I know I have no recordings of her voice, but I feel like I actually know her, like she's a close member of my family I've known all my life. I donno how to explain this feeling. Have I been reading so much about her that my brain has somehow made up all these details, or do I really remember her?

Do I have lung cancer? I do not have insurance and medicaid dropped me. A year ago they found a nodule in my lung. I had a few more scans and to my surprise it had grown. It is very small at 7 cm a year ago. At the last appt. they also said there were lymphnodes that were apparent. Now today I go to the ER for vomiting and they run blood work. Doc comes back and tells me I have low white blood count around 3. I am guessing 3,000. I also have a low oxygen/blood saturation. It was suppose to be in the high 90's and mine was between 70-85. I remember when I was in the hospital for surgery if it had dropped the gave me oxygen. I just do not know whats wrong. I am at a loss. I should mention I am only 28 yrs old

How do you find the amount of oxygen released to muscles in physiology? Assume that at rest the avg blood flow to the skeletal muscle is 100 ml/min with about 20 ml of oxygen per 100 ml of arterial blood (at sea level). What about at maximum exercise or at high elevation? How to calculate this isn't making any sense to me and I've found no help anywhere else. I know you need to use a hemoglobin oxygen saturation curve, but I'm not sure how to read it. Only helpful suggestions--no criticism, please!

Is ABG the same as pulse oximeter? ABG's- arterial blood gases measure how much o2 and co2 you have in your blood. and pulse oximeter measures oxygen saturation of blood. So, isn't that the same thing? They both measure how much oxygen you have in your blood or am I going crazy?!

Can someone help me with these bilogy questions? Describe 3 real life of any situations where the parameters like Hb-Oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide levels, pH, and myoglobin levels in blood are measured Will hyperventilation raise or lower blood pO2? blood pCO2? blood pH? Why? Will emphysema raise or lower blood pO2? blood pCO2? blood pH? Why?

Blood pressure question...? I'm 22 and my blood pressure is currently 155/85. I'm fit and healthy and it isn't usually this high, but it has been for a while now (2 months or longer). My HR is 65bpm, resps 14bpm and oxygen saturation 99-100%. I just don't get why it has gone up, what are the potential complications or what can be done? I'd prefer answers from professionals because I am a nurse myself and don't need basic answers... thanks... Re: answer from WH. Yes, I am a qualified RN and yes I know what a blood pressure is. Jump off your high horse sweetheart and maybe look at answering my question as a professional. The reason I ask this is because I really wanted to see if this has been seen before and what has happened as a result, sort of a look at what might happen before I see a Doctor. Thank you to those people who gave real answers.

My father 33% lung capacity and 80 pulse ox, how worried should I be? My father is 60 yrs old, smokes, is overweight, has diabetes, an enlarged heart, overproduces red blood cells, COPD, and has a 33% lung capacity with an 80% oxygen saturation level. I have not been given any real understanding of how severe this really is. I know that it is very bad, but how bad? Does he have weeks, months, years? Any understanding would be better than just knowing his statistics with no understanding of what they translate in to.

Biology essay on red blood cell graph? I'm supposed to answer the following questions on this graph/subject, (I typed out everything it says.) and I dont understand it.. I'm homeschooled so I just cant ask a teacher and no one I know knows anything about it.. and I'm just so confused and stressed out (I get easily stressed, and then never shut up..) Red blood cells are able to transport oxygen throughout the body because oxygen binds to hemoglobin molecules within the blood cells. To learn how the concentration of oxygen in tissues affects the binding of oxygen to the hemoglobin molecule, researchers devised the following study. Samples of human blood were taken from various tissues. In each sample, the researchers measured the amount of dissolved oxygen in the tissue and isolated the hemoglobin. The amount of isolated hemoglobin was measured and then separated to determine how much of the hemoglobin had all of its binding sites filled with oxygen. The amount of saturate hemoglobin was compared with the total amount of hemoglobin to yield the percentage of hemoglobin saturation. Some results of the study are shown in the graph. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. a. If the concentration of oxygen in the lung tissues is about 9%, what is the hemoglobin saturation of the red blood cells in the lungs? b. If the concentration of oxygen in a sample of body tissue is 4%, what is the hemoglobin saturation of the red blood cells in the sample? c. What happens to the hemoglobin saturation of the red blood cells as the cells move to tissues that have lower oxygen concentrations? d. What must happen to the oxygen bound to the hemoglobin as the red blood cells move to tissues with lower oxygen concentration? Heres a pic of the graph:http://img508.imageshack.us/img508/8748/picture024jm7.jpg

please help..Need a really smart MD. My father fell ill approx 3 weeks ago..? after consuming alcohol. He started to feel weak and began to vomit(not an isolated incident as this has happened before) along with the vomiting he has high pulse (120) and low oxygen saturation 84. His blood pressure was 148/84. While he was at the hospital he had a continuous fever of 101.5 and above. He also developed asites during his stay at the hospital. The ultimately diagnoised him with having pancreatitis. Although he was no longer vomiting his oxygen level was low and he still had a fever 5 days later...he was discharged home with levaquin and medications he takes for cholestoral, hypertension, and plavix for the stint that was done in 2008. I felt uneasy about him being discharge so we went to another hospital that took an x-ray based on my observations and temp checks over the last two days at home. The notice not only he had develped pneumonia but also and plerual effusion on the left side of his lung. This was drain and he is now feeling alot better, also the asites has almost dissappeared. MY QUESTION NOW IS WHY DOES MY FATHER CONTINUE TO HAVE A FEVER AND HAS HAD ONE FOR THE PAST 3 WEEKS. It flucuates but usually tends to go back up. He is still in the hospital but I want to do my own digging as it seems as family members tend to be the voice when a family member is ill. So here is the run down. diagnoised with pancreatitis asites fatty liver stint in heart high blood pressure that has normalize during stay in hospital oxygen is now in the 95 range heart rate is now 93 age of patient 68 years old Male 50 pounds overweight and no diabetes please help me find the culprit. I believe that many heads are better than one, and possibly the yahoo community may have some insight or has and have the same thing happen to them. I just want my dad back home and feeling back to normal thanks I will give the 10 points!

How common is Deja Vu with dementia? My dad is in the early stages of dementia. Neither his doctors or us (his family) are sure which kind. It could be Alzheimer's, or it could be a slow dying-off of brain cells due to hypoxemia. That term basically means lower-than-ideal levels of oxygen are reaching the brain, due to a reduced oxygen saturation of the blood, which in my dad's case, is due to his very advanced COPD (emphysema & chronic bronchitis). At any rate, lately when we watch movie rentals, he comments that the movie looks extremely familiar (even when I *know* he's never watched it before). Sometimes he even picks out specific scenes, where he marvels at how familiar all the people, places and actions of the scene are! I did a tiny bit of online research and found one article (or study) that said something about damage to certain parts of the brain can lead to increased deja vu, but I'm not sure what I read. Can anyone shed some light on HOW and WHY certain forms of dementia could cause someone to have increased deja vu? (Also, do you think it will get worse?) Thanks!!

What do you think of someone who spends their $$ to have a doctor stand by as you sleep? MJ made millions and the way he spent it was to have a doctor by his bed side to administer hospital-grade drug treatments on the hour??!? Does this not strike anyone as completely perverse? If Michael is a gauge of American self-indulgence and self-pity, then I think we might be in trouble, folks. Why didn't he just play a little Brick-Breaker like the rest of us? -- At about 1:30 a.m., Murray gave Jackson 10 mg of Valium. -- At about 2 a.m., he injected Jackson with 2 mg of the anti-anxiety drug Ativan. -- At about 3 a.m., Murray then administered 2 mg of the sedative Versed. -- At about 5 a.m., he administered another 2 mg of Ativan. -- At about 7:30 a.m., Murray gave Jackson yet another 2 mg of Versed while monitoring him with a device that measured the oxygen saturation of his blood. -- At about 10:40 a.m., "after repeated demands/requests from Jackson," Murray administered 25 mg of propofol, the document said.

My father has copd, diabetes, sleep apnea, pv, myopathy. Lung capacity at less than 20%.? Oxygen saturation at 85%. Pint of blood withdrawn every other week. High blood pressure, high cholesterol. How long can he go on, should I be concerned that the end is near. I do not live near him and he keeps alot to himself

Smoking before a a surgery? I am getting my wisdom teeth pulled tomorrow and I have been smoking for a little under 9 months with about 3-8 cigarettes a day and want to know if i should be worried about anything happening when I go under. I have no reduced function of my lungs my blood pressure is normal, oxygen saturation is 100% and my doctor never heard anything wrong with my lungs when I saw him last week. I haven't had a cigarette for a day now so my monoxide level should be normal but I just want to know what are my risks. My surgery went 100% as planned. Just the last thing I remembered was looking at the ekg and my heart rate was 100 then I woke up 3 hours later asleep on my couch at home.

Unresolved Q#9 ? Top Contributers And Med Ppl Plz ! Fast Answer Your Opinion ~ 10 Pnts.? Raymond Harrison, a 64-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with fever, shaking chills, a nonproductive cough, and chest pain for six days. A chest x-ray revealed extensive accumulation of fluid in both lungs. The patient had mild hypertension and a275 pack/year smoking history. A physical exam revealed a blood pressure of 150/90, a body temperature of 101.8°F, and the patient was cyanotic (looked blue) and in respiratory distress. The patient’s heart rate was elevated at 100 beats per minute. An arterial blood gas test was performed and the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood was 72% (normal would be 94–100%). The blood test revealed an elevated How does the abnormal oxygen saturation value relate to the patient’s elevated heart rate? If you had to choose between emphysema and chronic bronchitis as your diagnosis, which would you choose and what evidence did you use to make this choice? Explain why doctors are using antibiotics and bronchodilators to treat this patient?

Tight feeling in my throat? For the past few months, on and off for several weeks at a time, I've been having a seriously obnoxious feeling of tightness in my throat, and shortness of breath. It feels as though I can't clear my throat.. I've had a CT, MRI, and X-ray of my neck, all normal. All thyroid and other blood tests were normal. My oxygen saturation is normal. Yet somehow, I still feel like I'm choking and can't get enough air for weeks on end (it seems to happen in "episodes"). I don't have asthma either btw. It keeps me up at night. It won't go away with muscle relaxants or medicine for anxiety. Any other ideas? I'm absolutely miserable!

Allegra, Allegra D, and Nasacort AQ for a sleep problem? I recently went in for a sleep study because I'm always tired during the day. I usually woke up in the middle of the night and couldn't get back to sleep. My doctor sent me to and ear, nose, and throat specialist after the study. The results said I slept fairly good but had a problem with my oxygen saturation, it was about 83%. The specialist said there was something that was keeping me from getting oxygen in my blood. He assumed my breathing was restricted and prescribed a sinus rinse followed by Nasacort AQ twice a day, Allegra D in the morning, and Allegra at night. I have not found any information on any of these drugs that go along with what the doctor told me (or at least what I understood). I was just curious of how this helps my oxygen levels in my blood or if there was some other reason that it seems to be working. I have only been on the medication for about a week but I can't believe how much of a difference it has made (except for feeling crappy and disoriented the first day). I don't go back to the doctor for a few weeks but I was just wondering if anyone has had any experience with these types of drugs for increasing oxygen levels (if that's what they are really doing). Does anyone have information on this?

what the **** happened!!? friday night i popped 2 mg of diazepam, having a lower tolerance than i can remember, then saturday i got into the opiates. in the morning i drank two medium sized tasmanian pods, steeped into tea, to which i repeated around 6 that night. at 9pm i drank a tea spoon of codeine/promethazine, and at 10 i had two more. i was totally f'ed in a good way. my friend was staying over and he had just got up a few hours before hand, and accepting that he wouldn't be able to fall asleep, kept an eye on me to make sure he didn't enter a coma. i woke up at 6, my friend said i was totally fine and we went out for coffee. i had not a hint of cyanosis at 1pm, and my breathing was pretty much back to normal. i had work at 3 so i hopped in a hot shower, hopping out into a steamy bathroom covered in mirrors. the firsti looked at shocked me, my lips had become a meager shade of pink/blue, and my fingers looked like clubs swung at the dawn of man!!!! the entire fucking night and day up until that point (7 hours awake llready) i was totally cool, only to take a shower and completely lose it upon finishing. i was soberng up when it happened, and not even nodding anymore. i live with my mom who agreed my nails looked blue, then i had to go to work (where more people agreed) where i felt as though a squirrel were stuck in his throat (couldn't breathe properly), so he left to go to the e.r. when i got to the emergency room they said my blood oxygen saturation level was 100 percent, and that a temp change may have been responsible?! bullshit. how the fuck did this happen? my blue lips disappeared seconds after i got out of the shower but the fingers lingered. do you think this level of oxygen deprivation hurt my brain/killed brain cells??? i was definitely breathing in the shower ... i just took that shower and noticed the exfoliated broken skin around my lips after a hot shower resembles pictures of cerulean lips iv'e seen online... though again my fingernails were def turning an ice cold porsche blue. could i have had vasoconstriction without it affecting my head? i ask because my tips still looked a little purple after the nurse said my oxygen level was perfect? how long does that blue discoloration take to get rid of if one starts breathing heavily?

What would one experience after having coronary artery bypass surgery? I'm finishing up a case study review for college in which i have to write up signs and symptoms for different diseases this guy has, and for some reason i also have to write up signs and symptoms for the coronary artery bypass surgery he had. What would i include in it? mostly i need help with vital signs eg; is his blood pressure lowered or high, would his oxygen saturation levels be notmal or lowered etc. thanks! Just to make is easier to understand, here's the way i've been presenting for other questions: Signs and Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction: -Shortness of breath (normal range; 12-20 resps per minute) -Nausea -Weak, rapid pulse (normal range; 60-90 beats per minute) -Back, arm and jaw pain -High blood pressure (normal range; 100-120/60-80 mmHg) -Decreased oxygen saturation (normal range; 96%-100%) -lightheadedness or loss of consciousness

Is this a serious Medical Illness? Having breathing problems Hi i went to 2 hospitals yestarday they did Blood Glocouse And blood tests EKG nothing came abnormal... and 100 precent oxygen saturation..on the oxygen on your finger thing but im still feeling short of breath my lungs are clear.. and i dont have any Fevers.. or coughing.. but im still feeling Short of breath and Weak... they did chest xrays no Phenomia or what ever that is called no other things My blood pressure when i first woke up was 117/74 then when i started worrying cause it feels like im dying cause ive had this problem for the last 2 weeks.. and Idk what to do.. idk how to get this fatig feeling to go away with me it lasts all day and night it dont go away but it dont get worse or better.. when i drink how ever it gets better for a few minutes.. then goes back to the way it was IM not actualy out of breath but it feels that way Am i dying? ive seen my physcian he says im fine.. what could this be? im always getting 100 precent oxygen on the monitor thing on both fingers.. but idk whats causing me to feel this way CONSTANTLY BLA BLA BLA THE DOCTORS THINK ITS ANXIETY ITS NOT!!!! I DONT THINK IT IS!!!!

Academic question part 2!!!!!!? BACKGROUND A 41-year-old man presents with fever, malaise, and a 20-lb weight loss over the past 3 months. The patient also has intermittent headaches, coughing with occasional hemoptysis, and multiple chronic skin lesions. The lesions initially appeared as hyperpigmented scaly plaques on his lower back (see Image 1). They have enlarged over the last year, spreading to his arms, nose (see Images 2-3), and penis (see Image 4). The lesions are not itchy or painful. Over the last few weeks, the lesions on the patient’s nose and penis have begun to ulcerate and produce a bloody, purulent discharge. The patient was diagnosed with HIV infection 13 years ago. He denies having any chest discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, or diarrhea. He has not traveled recently and has not had any contact with people who were sick. He has not spent any time in environments where the risk of tuberculosis is high (eg, prison, shelters). On physical examination, the patient is afebrile with a blood pressure of 116/58 mm Hg and a heart rate of 92 bpm. His respiratory rate is 14 breaths/min, and his oxygen saturation while breathing room air is 96%. On his nose is a crusted, indurated plaque with irregular borders and central ulceration that produces thick, blood-tinged, suppurative discharge (see Image 3). A nontender oval-shaped crusted plaque with superficial ulceration is located on his penis at the base of the glans (see Image 4). Numerous skin-colored umbilicated papules, of about 3-6 mm and with central hemorrhagic crusts, are scattered irregularly on his arms and face (see Image 2). A diffuse, hyperpigmented lichenification of the skin is noted on his back, with many small areas of superficial ulceration (see Image 1). No retinal lesions are noted on funduscopic examination. No frank nuchal rigidity is present; however, the patient expresses moderate discomfort with neck flexion. The lungs are clear to auscultation with no rales, rhonchi, or wheezing; the cardiac examination is normal. The remainder of the physical examination yields unremarkable results. The patient is transferred to the adjoining emergency department (ED) and, because infectious meningitis is suspected, is placed in respiratory isolation. A lumbar puncture reveals an opening pressure of 22 cm H2O. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample is sent for laboratory evaluation and shows a WBC count of 450/mm33 (0.450 X 109/L) with a mononuclear predominance, a mildly elevated protein level, and a slightly decreased glucose concentration. India ink staining reveals the presence of fungi. What is the etiology of the patient’s symptoms? Are all of the lesions from the same disease process?

Hi it's Christmas! Can you help me with my case...just any ideas you have...I would really apprreciate it... A case of a 60 year old male , with a body weight of 17.9 kg/m2 , brought in the emergency room for shortness of breath. The patient is a known smoker for 30 pack years. He occasionally drinks. He is a known hypertensive and has congestive heart failure. He is already on maintenance medications for hypertension for 10 years. He claims to have a lung problem but could not recall the diagnosis, but is currently taking a combination of inhaled long acting bronchodilators and steroids. He is already a retired public transportation driver. His condition started around 4 days prior to admission as cough which was productive with whitish sputum. There was no associated fever. Patient just took in some cough medications which afforded only temporary relief. 3 days prior to admission noted to have body malaise this time associated with slight shortness of breath, tried having some nebulizations at a local clinic which afforded only slight relief, thus continued having it every 4 hours. 2 days prior to admission condition still persisted thus decided to seek consult with a doctor in their locality, was given some antibiotics, cough medications and was told to continue his nebulization. On the day of admission, noted his shortness of breath to increase in severity despite of the nebulizations, thus decided to be brought in the emergency room at a hospital in their locality. On Physical examination, patient was examined to be in distress: BP: 110/80 mm Hg HR-120 beats/min RR: 28 cycles /min T: 36.9 C Skin: cold with clammy sweats, Neck: prominent sternocleidomastoid muscles, no lymphadenopathy, (+) neck vein engorgement, HEENT: non icteric, pinkish palpebral conjunctiva, no tonsillophryngeal congestion, uvula in the middle, tonsils not enlarged, Chest/Lungs: no deformities, barrel chested, no scars, On physical examination, Mr. Winstone was found to have a body mass index of 27.9, his blood pressure was 133/90, pulse was 110, respiratory rate was 14, and his oxygen saturation was 88% on room air. The results of his head and neck exam were unremarkable, with no jugular venous distension noted. His chest excursions were symmetric with evidence of hyperinflation. Mr. Winstone's breath sounds were decreased throughout, and the expiratory phase was prolonged. His heart exam was notable for distant but otherwise normal heart sounds. The abdominal exam was unremarkable. There was no clubbing of his digits noted, but there was mild cyanosis and peripheral edema. His neurologic exam was nonfocal. Arterial blood gas drawn on room air revealed a pH of 7.39, PaO2 of 53, and PaCO2 of 44. His pulmonary function results before bronchodilators (% predicted) were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1): 1.25 L (41%), forced vital capacity (FVC): 2.53 L (60%), and FEV1/FVC: 49. Post bronchodilator, his results were: FEV1: 1.29 L (42%) and FVC: 2.64 L (62%). His residual volume was 6.74 L (329%), total lung capacity: 9.45 L (150%) and his diffusing capacity was 6.96 L (25%). Questions: 1.What is your impression? 2.Give at least 5 differential diagnosis? 3.What is your management? (+) neck vein engorgement, DISREGARD "with no jugular venous distension noted.

Am I having DT's or what? I have been an alcoholic for 10 yrs or so and go on heavy binges (3 days straight usually) and usually without much food. Anyways, Last wed. I started drinking heavily and it lasted till fri. night when I threw up for about 5 hrs of and on. Sat. I ate and drank alot trying to recover from lost nutrients and fluids. Since sunday, I've been having a strange gnawing feeling in my solar plexus are, pains in my left arm and a BP averaging 150/95. I went to the E.R. tonight wondering whats going on with my body. They did blood tests, an EKG, and chest X-ray. The doc finally came back and said I'm having DT's and I need to just wait em out and gave me a prescription for .5 mg of Ativan. While I was in my hospital bed i kept noticing my monitor. My heart rate was VERY irregular (going from 35BPM at one point, then 45-100BPM. Up and down it went the whole time I was there and I also had a few PVC's. My oxygen saturation also kept dropping to 90 then back up to 100%. The doc. says I need rest and it'll pass. I should quit worrying and not drink anymore. Well, it scared me to say the least and I dont think he shoulda sent me home with my pulse and BP like that. What should I do? Should I take my Ativan an try to relax or go to another hospital E.R.? Can feel my heart fluttering as I write. Please give me a little info as what to do and what is possibly wrong with me. Thanks.

why cant i breath been going on 4 days now!!!? im constantly breathless! i have ectopic heartbeats that the cardiologist said was down to stress, i have had 2 holter mons, a chest xray, blood work (about 10 months ago, does that count?) a heart trace and heart scan all were normal or showing benign ectopic beats, i was so breathless the other day i went to AnE the dr said i didnt look anemic and my oxygen saturation level was 100 which is good she put it down to anxiety, BUT i am constantly breathless and im not working myself up or breathing really fast like a typical panic i need to know whats up with me and i feel like no one i go to really gives 1! im 23 5ft 6 a little over weight but nothing drastic, i dont smoke or drink no they didnt do bloods, they just said it was anxiety

Can anyone advise me about best practice treatment options for a post operative pulmonary embolism? My husband is 48. He is a healthy, normal weight range, very fit non smoker . He had an arthroscopy with some unexpected other repair work done to his femur and knee cap on 22nd Dec.It was done under general anaesthetic which lasted less than four hours. It was a day stay procedure. He was given no asprin, no compression stockings and had no follow up appointment scheduled until 15th January. There was no referral letter to his GP. He was given codeine 60 mg every 6 hours as a pain reliever. He began coughing blood at 9 am 29th Dec and had spent a night with severe pain in his left side...which he didn't tell me about at the time!! He is being treated with Clexane and Warfarin subcutaneously. His oxygen saturation is being monitored. He will be in hospital for a minimum of 3 days. Is this the best course of action?

RHH: Rate/Hate this verse!?!? 1-10 and a good instrumental plz? woke up sweaty, gash to the head/ outta oxygen, cellular phone is dead/ coughin' n, spittin' blood, saliva saturation/ turnin' red, head swelling ruinin' my concentration/ im fed...up, hurt from the outside to the inner/ ponderin' what happened, wanna be home for dinner/ lifted from the base of the ground, thought I was in hell/ non belief, look what was found, clearly pronounced/ knees drop, had to announce, started crying/ a deceased female witha tummy bigger than mine/ not hard to define, she was most definitely a pregnant teen,/ just by the way she was built, should I flee the scene/ and forever hold my life filled up with guilt/ light headed now, feelin' like i'm walking on stilts/ there i was, stuck witha life changing decision/ should I run from this?, or should I settle for prison?/ will have 2 more verses if good

biology help PLZ very confused? Red blood cells are able to transport oxygen throughout the body because oxygen binds to hemoglobin molecules within the blood cells. To learn how the concentration of oxygen in tissues affects the binding of oxygen to the hemoglobin molecule, researchers devised the following study. Samples of human blood were taken from various tissues. In each sample, the researchers measured the amount of dissolved oxygen in the tissue and isolated the hemoglobin. The amount of isolated hemoglobin was measured and then separated to determine how much of the hemoglobin had all of its binding sites filled with oxygen. The amount of saturate hemoglobin was compared with the total amount of hemoglobin to yield the percentage of hemoglobin saturation. Some results of the study are shown in the graph. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. a. If the concentration of oxygen in the lung tissues is about 9%, what is the hemoglobin saturation of the red blood cells in the lungs?

Mom has Systemic MRSA- daughter looking for a straight answer, pls.? My mother was attacked 2 weeks ago and is now in the hospital in a catatonic state. Although she has multiple fractures, I am more concerned with these other conditions: My mom has sytemic MRSA, which means it is everywhere, blood, sputim, urine, everywhere. She has a large abcess taking up almost one side of her face, most likely stemming from an orbital fracture. It is cleaned and drained daily. She also has pneumonia. She also has hepatitis C, which she has had for many years and has not treated, so her liver is in very bad shape. There is no brain damage from the attack. The docs think her mental state is more of post traumatic stress reaction. We are all just waiting...everyday there is no change. She is on oxygen, a high saturation, but is breathing on her own. They have had to suction out her lungs a few times, and had to suction her nose 2 days ago when her oxygen sat level dropped dramatically and suddenly. Are there any nurses or docs out there who could just give me your honest opinion about what our family may need to prepare for? I am so thankful for the care they are giving her, but her docs are just so vague, we feel like we don't know anything at all. I forgot to mention that they are giving mom 8 liters of oxygen thru a nose tube with larger than normal holes. Also mom has been on a feeding tube since she arrived on the 24th of July.

PLease help with human physio question!? Use an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to answer the following question. During the passage of oxygenated blood through exercising muscle whose Po2 is 40 mm Hg, how much of the oxygen in the blood is released and taken up by the muscle? Here is an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/f/fd/270px-Hb_saturation_curve.png

What happens to hemoglobin.....? What happens to hemoglobin saturation of the red blood cell as the cells move to tissues with lower oxygen concentration.

Biology/medical help? Raymond Harrison, a 64-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with fever, shaking chills, a nonproductive cough, and chest pain for six days. A chest x-ray revealed extensive accumulation of fluid in both lungs. The patient had mild hypertension and a275 pack/year smoking history. A physical exam revealed a blood pressure of 150/90, a body temperature of 101.8°F, and the patient was cyanotic (looked blue) and in respiratory distress. The patient’s heart rate was elevated at 100 beats per minute. An arterial blood gas test was performed and the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood was 72% (normal would be 94–100%). The blood test revealed an elevated How does the abnormal oxygen saturation value relate to the patient’s elevated heart rate? If you had to choose between emphysema and chronic bronchitis as your diagnosis, which would you choose and what evidence did you use to make this choice? Explain why doctors are using antibiotics and bronchodilators to treat this patient?

BIOLOGY HELP Please? Raymond Harrison, a 64-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with fever, shaking chills, a nonproductive cough, and chest pain for six days. A chest x-ray revealed extensive accumulation of fluid in both lungs. The patient had mild hypertension and a275 pack/year smoking history. A physical exam revealed a blood pressure of 150/90, a body temperature of 101.8°F, and the patient was cyanotic (looked blue) and in respiratory distress. The patient’s heart rate was elevated at 100 beats per minute. An arterial blood gas test was performed and the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood was 72% (normal would be 94–100%). The blood test revealed an elevated How does the abnormal oxygen saturation value relate to the patient’s elevated heart rate? If you had to choose between emphysema and chronic bronchitis as your diagnosis, which would you choose and what evidence did you use to make this choice? Explain why doctors are using antibiotics and bronchodilators to treat this patient?

cardiac tamponade,pleural effusion and many thrombosis ,is it mesothelioma? My aunt is 40 years old,housewife,has 2 daughters and a son ,she had a history of intrauterine fetal death 5 years ago, her youngest child is now 2 years old,not diabetic or hypertensive, she came to internal medicine clinic for abdominal pain,pain was diffuse in abdomen ,but sharp in right hypochondrium, no refered pain to shoulder. she had nausea,vomiting.she looked very ill and pale in the same day she had chest x ray which revealed cardiomegaly and elevated right copula of the diaphragm,no pleural effusion detected. she had abdominal ultrasound that showed mild ascites,mild right pleural effusion,mildly enlarged liver with no focal lesions,mild thickened gall bladder. She did liver enzymes,amylase and were within normal. Next day she was very ill and was admitted to hospital,ICU unit,she was shocked and collapsed,80\50 blood pressure,36.5 T,tachypnea,congested neck veins,and she was given saline and ringer through central venous cannula,she had blood transfusion. Echo revealed massive pericardial effusion and tamponade. She had life saving pericardiocentesis, sample of the bloody effusion revealed atypical mesothelial cells,and no organisms was detected,further investgation revealed: -Hb 9.3 -leucocyosis -thrombcytopenia -Ast 64 -Alt 156 an window operation was recommended,but postponed for 1 day for blood, platlet trasfusion . the operation was done ,effusion was revealed,cautrey was used for some pericardial erosions,biopsy from pericardium showed; gross; muliple flattened pieces 6*6 cm with rough brownish surfaces of average thickness 0.3 cm. microscopey; sectiones showed thickened non-specific inflammation.hyperplastic mesothelium was recorded.clotted fibrin and blood were seen. Conclusion: non specific inflammation,mesothelial hyperplasis and wide fibrosis. Patient then was admitted to icu unit after operation,with ventilator,chest tube got mild bloody effusion,echo revealed mild pericardial effusion without tamponade that became markedly decreased in rate later. After 3 hours of ventilator removal,patient became dyspnic,low oxygen saturation,ventilator was used again and c.t was done and showed; Chest_ Bil pleural effusion more voluminous on right side with bil basal&left mid zonal underlying consolidation collapse.bil basal,left upper&mid zonal atelectasis&pneumonitic plates. Pericardial thickening(mesh put on operation?) Mediastinal fat blurring&increased density,mediastinitis, ant chest wall subcutaneous,soft tissue thickening&surgical emphysema. Abd&pelvis_ Mild fullness of right pelvicalyceal system&proximal part of its draining ureter. Bulky uterus? 3days after, ventilator was removed and oxygen mask used,general state became better. dopler was recommended& showed: popliteal,bil iliac,superficial femoral v thrombosis,clexane 40,and corticosteroids was given. after 2 days she had more thrombi,on subclavian and axillary vein?? Dose of clexane was increased To 60,corticosteroid also to 1 gm Investigation for auto- immune diseases systemic lupus and antiphospholipid,anticardiolipin was done and negative One day after,marked hemiparesis was noted,urgent ct brain was done to reveal: Left tempro-parietal hypodense lesion,mass effect on left frontal horn. MRI was recommended and revealed: Reactive pleural thickening,oedema involving left parietal,diaphragmatic pleura. Small left pleural sac effusion. Segmental consolidative pneumonic process in lower lobe of left lung involving the post and lat basal segments in the form of hetregenous alveolar filling and traceable air bronchogram. Right lung showed patchy consolidation. Reactive pericardium thickening,no sizeable pericardial collections. Abnormal appearance of the left chest wall in the form of anterior swelling and oedema like signal with intermuscular fat planes obliteration. Mildly enlarged liver . Right lower abdominal uretropathy . VITAL SIGNS OF PATIENT AND GENERAL CONDITION IS STABLE AND PHYSIOTHERABY HAS BEGUN,BUT SHE HAS HAEMOPYSIS,ANTIBIOTICS WAS GIVEN FOR MRSA THAT APPEARED IN NASAL SWAP,AND DOSE OF CORTICOSTEROID ARE GRADUALLY DECRASED. IS IT MESOTHELOMA? SHOULD PATIENT DO FURTHER INVESTIGATION(LAB&IMAGING)? IS POSITERON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY(PET) NEEDED? WHAT DRUGS SHOULD WE ADD? IN OTHER WORDS WHAT IS DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT?